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Meles (genus)
''Meles'' is a genus of badgers containing three living species, the Japanese badger (''Meles anakuma''), Asian badger (''Meles leucurus''), and European badger (''Meles meles''). In an older categorization, they were seen as a single species with three subspecies (''Meles meles anakuma'', ''Meles meles leucurus'' and ''Meles meles meles''). There are also several extinct members of the genus.
==Taxonomy==
The genus ''Meles'' was erected by French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1762 after Carl Linnaeus had described the Eurasian badger ''Meles meles'' in 1758. This animal had a very extensive range over most of temperate Europe and Asia and there has been much discussion as to whether it is a single species or three distinct species. There are geographical differences between individuals from different parts of the range in skull structure, morphology of the first premolar teeth, and facial markings. Some authorities advocated placing European and Asian badgers in separate species, ''Meles meles'' and ''Meles leptorhynchus'' (Milne-Edwards, 1867), the boundary between the two being the Volga River. Others considered there to be three subspecies, ''M. m. meles'', found west of the Volga, ''M. m. arenarius-leptorhynchus'', found between the Volga and Transbaikalia, and ''M. m. amurensis-anakuma'' from the Amur region and Primorskii.
Genetic studies of mitochondrial DNA shows the separation of two variants on either side of the Volga but their exact taxonomic rank remains undefined. A further study of cheek teeth from individuals across the entire range supports this division and provides confirmation that ''M. meles'' and ''M. anakuma'' are indeed separate species.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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